UC San Francisco study shows social media boosts preteen depression

A recent study from UC San Francisco reveals that increased social media use among preteens corresponds with higher levels of depression, challenging the notion that depressed children simply gravitate towards social media. The research tracked nearly 12,000 children aged 9 to 10 over three years, revealing that their average daily social media use surged from 7 minutes to 73 minutes. During this period, depressive symptoms among participants rose by 35%. Importantly, the study found no evidence that higher depressive symptoms led to increased social media engagement.

The research, led by Dr. Jason Nagata, an associate professor in UCSF’s Department of Pediatrics, utilized longitudinal data to monitor the same group of children over time. This method allowed researchers to draw clearer connections between social media usage and mental health outcomes. Dr. Nagata noted, “These findings suggest that social media may contribute to the onset of depressive symptoms rather than merely reflecting existing mental health issues.”

While the exact reasons behind the rise in depressive symptoms tied to social media use remain unclear, existing studies indicate several risks, including cyberbullying and sleep disruption. In a related study published in The Lancet Regional Health—Americas, Dr. Nagata’s team found that children aged 11 to 12 who experienced cyberbullying were 2.62 times more likely to report suicidal thoughts or attempts one year later. Additionally, those affected were also 2.31 times more likely to try substances, with significantly higher risks for marijuana (4.65 times) and nicotine (3.37 times) use.

As social media becomes a primary platform for young people to connect with peers, the implications of these findings raise concerns about their mental health. The American Academy of Pediatrics has recommended the use of its Family Media Plan to foster healthier digital habits for children and parents alike. Dr. Nagata emphasized the importance of parental involvement, stating, “Simply telling children to ‘get off your phone’ is ineffective. Engaging in open discussions about screen time and establishing screen-free periods during family meals or before bedtime can help cultivate healthier habits.”

The study, titled “Social Media Use and Depressive Symptoms During Early Adolescence,” is published in JAMA Network Open. This research adds to the growing body of evidence linking social media use to mental health challenges in youth, highlighting the need for parents, educators, and policymakers to address these issues proactively.